Resources
Advocating for Racial Equity in the US Healthcare System
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Introduction | Case Studies | Patients | Providers | Resources
Introduction
JAMES MARION SIMS AND THE CONTROVERSIAL BEGINNING OF MODERN GYNECOLOGY
https://www.history.com/news/the-father-of-modern-gynecology-performed-shocking-experiments-on-slaves
TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT: DECEPTION THAT CONTRIBUTED TO ONGOING HISTORICAL MISTRUST
https://apnews.com/article/tuskegee-study-ap-story-investigation-syphilis-53403657e77d76f52df6c2e2892788c9?utm_source=apnews&utm_medium=relatedcontentmodule
LAUNCH OF MEDICARE AND MEDICAID
https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01466
RACISM DECLARED A PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS
https://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/racism-disparities/index.html
Case Studies
Coming Soon
What Should I Ask My Doctor During a Checkup
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020, February 3). What should I ask my doctor during a checkup? National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-should-i-ask-my-doctor-during-checkup
Patients
Coming Soon
What Should I Ask My Doctor During a Checkup
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020, February 3). What should I ask my doctor during a checkup? National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-should-i-ask-my-doctor-during-checkup
Providers
Coming Soon
What Should I Ask My Doctor During a Checkup
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020, February 3). What should I ask my doctor during a checkup? National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-should-i-ask-my-doctor-during-checkup
Resources
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
What Should I Ask My Doctor During a Checkup
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020, February 3). What should I ask my doctor during a checkup? National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-should-i-ask-my-doctor-during-checkup
Taking Medicines Safely as You Age
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022, September 22). Taking medicines safely as you age. National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/taking-medicines-safely-you-age
Recent Changes in Habits to Discuss with Your Doctor Worksheet
Worksheet 3 changes to discuss – National Institute on Aging. National Institute on Aging. (n.d.). https://www.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2021-06/worksheet-changes-to-discuss.pdf
How to Talk with Your Doctor About Sensitive Issues
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020, February 3). How to talk with your doctor about sensitive issues. National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/how-talk-your-doctor-about-sensitive-issues
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
Questions to ask your doctor. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/patients/information/questions-to-ask-your-doctor
Your Health Information Privacy Rights
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Office of Civil Rights. (N.d.). Your Health Information Privacy Rights. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/consumers/consumer_rights.pdf
The Harms of Being Labeled a Difficult Patient
Martinez, A. (2022, May 24). The harms of being labeled a ‘difficult’ patient. RAM. https://www.rareadvocacymovement.com/post/the-harms-of-being-labeled-a-difficult-patient
ScriptTalk Talking Labels
Audible prescription labels: ScripTalk talking labels: En-vision america. Envisionamerica. (n.d.). https://www.envisionamerica.com/scriptalk-station-for-patients
Find a Participating ScriptAbility Pharmacy
Talking labels pharmacy: Find a participating pharmacy: En-vision america. Envisionamerica. (n.d.). https://www.envisionamerica.com/participating-pharmacies
Welcome to FAIR Health
Welcome to fair health. FAIR Health. (n.d.). https://www.fairhealthconsumer.org/
Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company
Mark Cuban cost plus drug company. Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company. (2022). https://www.markcubancostplusdrugcompany.com/
8 Reasons Patients Don’t Take Their Medications
AMA. (2020, December 2). 8 reasons patients don’t take their medications. American Medical Association. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/patient-support-advocacy/8-reasons-patients-dont-take-their-medications
Advancing Health Equity by Avoiding Judgmentalism & Contextualizing Care
Advancing Health Equity by avoiding judgmentalism and contextualizing care. (2021). AMA Journal of Ethics, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2021.91
Health Literacy: Understanding Health Literacy
U.S. Department of Health and Services. (September 20, 2022). Health Literacy. https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/learn/Understanding.html
How Using the Term “Non-Compliant” Keeps Providers From Partnering With Patients
Sinkfield-Morey, T. (2018). How using the term “non-compliant” keeps providers from partnering with patients. Creative Nursing, 24(3), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.24.3.178
Challenging Non-Compliance
Keszthelyi, S. (2003). Challenging non-compliance. Journal of Medical Ethics, 29(4), 257–259. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.29.4.257
Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Health Literacy; Nielsen-Bohlman L, Panzer AM, Kindig DA, editors. Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2004. 4, Culture and Society. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216037/
To Boost Outcomes, First Unlock the Power of Health Literacy
Robeznieks, A. (2023, January 31). To boost outcomes, first unlock the power of Health Literacy. American Medical Association. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/health-equity/boost-outcomes-first-unlock-power-health-literacy
Protect Yourself From Long COVID: Get Vaccinated
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Protect yourself from long COVID: Get vaccinated [Pamphlet]. https://wecandothis.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/2023-02/WCDT_LongCOVID_Poster_Engl_508c.pdf
Treatments for Patients at Risk for Severe COVID Illness
American Public Health Association. (2023, January 12). Treatments for patients at risk for severe COVID illness [Pamphlet]. https://apha.org/-/media/Files/PDF/topics/COVID/HHS/COVID_treatment_handout_treatment_for_patients.ashx
When to Get Medical Care for COVID
American Public Health Association. (2023, January 12). When to get medical care for COVID [Pamphlet]. https://apha.org/-/media/Files/PDF/topics/COVID/HHS/COVID_treatment_handout_get-care.ashx
ADDITIONAL READINGS
Health Disparities and Health Equity: The Issue is Justice
Braveman, P. A., Kumanyika, S., Fielding, J., et al. (2011). Health disparities and health equity: The issue is justice. AJPH: A Publication of the American Public Health Association, S1, S149-S155.
Race, Medicine, and Health Care in the United States: A Historical Survey
Byrd, W. M., & Clayton, L. A. (2001). Race, medicine, and health care in the United States: A historical survey. Journal of the National Medical Association, 93(3), 11S-34S. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593958/
A Multi-faceted Intervention Aimed at Black-White Disparities in the Treatment of Early Stage Cancers: The ACCURE Pragmatic Quality Improvement Trial
Cykert, S. et al. (2020). “A multi-faceted intervention aimed at Black-White disparities in the treatment of early stage cancers: The ACCURE pragmatic quality improvement trial.” Journal of the National Medical Association, 112(5), pp. 468-477.
Dismantling Racism Works Web Workbook
Dismantling racism works. (n.d.). DR WORKBOOK. https://www.dismantlingracism.org/
Addressing Systemic Racism Through Clinical Preventive Service Recommendations From the US Preventive Services Task Force
Doubeni, C. A., Simon, M. S., & Krist, A. H. (2021, January 25). Addressing systemic racism through clinical preventive service recommendations from the US preventive services task force. JAMA Network, 325(7), 627-628.
The Legacy of the Tuskegee Study
Frakt, A. (2019). The legacy of the Tuskegee study. Harvard Global Health Institute. https://globalhealth.harvard.edu/the-legacy-of-the-tuskegee-study/
The Tuskegee Experiment 50 Years Later: A BET News Special Interview With The Associated Press Reporter Who Exposed It All (Part 1)
Gray, M. J. (2022). The Tuskegee experiment 50 years later: A BET news special interview with the associated press reporter who exposed it all (part 1). BET. https://www.bet.com/article/26kijz/jean-heller-interview-associated-press-tuskegee-experiment-part-1
The Tuskegee Experiment 50 Years Later: A BET News Special Interview With The Associated Press Reporter Who Exposed It All (Part 2)
Gray, M. J. (2022). The Tuskegee experiment 50 years later: A BET news special interview with the associated press reporter who exposed it all (part 2). BET.
https://www.bet.com/article/kxnjme/jean-heller-interview-associated-press-tuskegee-experiment-part-2
Racial Bias in Pain Assessment and Treatment Recommendations, and False Beliefs about Biological Differences Between Blacks and Whites
Health and Race Disparities in America have Deep Roots: A Brief Timeline
Joyner, T., & Lee. J. S. (2020, April 20). Health and race disparities in America have deep roots: A brief timeline. Detroit Free Press. https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/04/20/timeline-health-race-disparities/5145641002/
Racism in Medicine: Historical Foundations and Strategies for Advancing Health Equity
Manchanda, E. C. (2022, August 11). Racism in medicine: Historical foundations and strategies for advancing health equity. [Video]. American Medical Association Center for Health Equity. https://edhub.ama-assn.org/ama-center-health-equity/video-player/18714776
Dying of Whiteness: How the Politics of Racial Resentment is Killing America’s Heartland
Metzl, J. M. (2019). Dying of whiteness: How the politics of racial resentment is killing America’s heartland. Basic Books.
We are the Solution to Our Problem: A Brief Review of the History of Racism and Nursing
Moore, S. S., & Drake, D. (2021, Aug). We are the solution to our problem: A brief review of the history of racism and nursing. Women’s Healthcare. https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2021_WH-August_History.pdf
Case Studies in Social Medicine Structural Racism — A 60-Year-Old Black Woman with Breast Cancer
Pallok, K., Maio, F. D., & Ansell, D. A. (2019). Structural racism—60-year-old black woman with breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 380(16), 1489-1493.
Killing the Black Body
Roberts, D. (1998). Killing the Black body. Penguin Random House.
How We Fail Black Patients in Pain
Sabin, J. A. (2020, Jan 6). How we fail black patients in pain. AAMC. https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/how-we-fail-black-patients-pain
Hospital: Man, Woman, Birth, Death, Infinity, Plus Red Tape, Bad Behavior, Money, God, and Diversity on Steroids
Salamon, J. (2009). Hospital: Man, woman, birth, death, infinity, plus red tape, bad behavior, money, god, and diversity on steroids. Penguin Books.
The Historical Roots of Racial Disparities in American Health Care
Scheinman, T. (2022, April). The historical roots of racial disparities in American health care. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/historical-roots-racial-disparities-american-health-care-180979800/
Under the Skin: The Hidden Toll of Racism on American Lives and on the Health of Our Nation
Villarosa, L. (2022). Under the skin: The hidden toll of racism on American lives and on the health of our nation. Penguin Random House.
Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present
Washington, H. A. (2008). Medical apartheid: The dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present. Mahogany Books.
What is Racial Equity? Understanding Key Concepts Related to Race
What is racial equity? (n.d.). Race Forward. https://www.raceforward.org/about/what-is-racial-equity-key-concepts
Structural Racism In Historical And Modern US Health Care Policy
Yearby, R., Clark, B., & Figueroa, J. F. (2022). Structural racism in historical and modern US health care policy. Health Affairs, 41(2), 187-194. https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01466
The Intellectual Roots Of Current Knowledge On Racism And Health: Relevance To Policy And The National Equity Discourse
Zambrana, R. E., & Williams, D. R. (2022). The intellectual roots of current knowledge on racism and health: Relevance to policy and the national equity discourse. Health Equity, 41(2), 163-170. https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01439
